Visual Inspection and Toothbrush Care: A Mother-Baby Paired Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the physical conditions and presence of residues of toothbrushes used by mothers and their babies and mothers' knowledge about toothbrush care. Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study comprising a convenience sample represented by 60 mother-baby pairs. The mothers answered a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge of toothbrush care. A calibrated dentist performed a visual inspection of the toothbrushes. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, with a significance level of 5%. Results It was found that 82% of the mothers had never received instructions regarding the care of toothbrushes after use (p=0.024). Most of them believed that their toothbrushes (70%) and their children's toothbrushes (88%) were in good condition to use (p=0.043). However, most mother's toothbrushes presented an unacceptable deformity of the bristles (65%) and the presence of residues (60%). In addition, babies' toothbrushes also presented unacceptable deformities of the bristles (52%) and residues (55%). There was an association between the lack of instructions received by the mother and the presence of deformity and residues on the mother's toothbrush bristles (p=0.037 and p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion Most mothers had never received instructions regarding toothbrush care, which is reflected in the condition of their and their baby's toothbrushes, which presented unacceptable physical conditions concerning deformation and presence of residues.

Efficacy of Two Different Toothbrushes on Plaque Control: A Randomized Clinical Study

Objective: This parallel, randomized, examiner-blind clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different toothbrushes (manual and sonic) on plaque control in adolescents. Material and Methods: This study enrolled 56 volunteers, randomly allocated to two different groups: group A (n = 28) for the manual toothbrush (Curaprox 5460 Ultra Soft®) and group B (n = 28) for the sonic toothbrush (Edel White®). Mean age was 17.2 ± 1.1 years. A calibrated periodontist performed a periodontal evaluation to assess the presence of plaque with the Turesky Modification of the Quigley Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the gingival inflammation with the Silness & Löe Gingival Index (GI). Adolescents received instructions about the mechanical control of plaque at baseline (T0), with a reexamination after 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2). Non-parametric Mann Whitney test was used to compare the differences between the two toothbrush groups and the Friedman test was used for the comparisons between times. Results: There has been PI reduction concerning the study times (T0, T1 and T2, p<0.05), but not between the groups A and B (p>0.05). As for GI there has been no significant difference between the groups and between the study times (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both toothbrushes were efficient in the control of supragingival plaque (visible biofilm).

The Effectiveness of the Use of "Special Grip Toothbrushes" on Dental Hygiene for Indonesian Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Objective: To find out the effectiveness of specially made brushes with special grips for use by groups of ischemic stroke sufferers for oral hygiene. Material and Methods: A sample of 30 stroke patients were taken at the Makassar Stroke Center, Indonesia, with criteria for extreme hemisphere ischemic stroke patients and willing to participate in the study and fill out informed consent. Brush making with a special grip design (modified brush) with Clay mixed material. The oral hygiene assessment procedure of the sample using a modified toothbrush was done in 3 stages before the brush, after brush and on the seventh day. Oral and oral hygiene was measured using the index of Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). The oral hygiene assessment procedure was done in 3 stages before the brush, after brush and on the seventh day. To find out the difference in effectiveness before and after the intervention was analyzed using the paired t test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The highest percentage of stroke patients were female (53.3%), aged 40-60 years (66.7%) with an education level below junior high school (56.7%). There is a difference in the average OHIS score before and after using a special grip toothbrush (p<0.01). Conclusion: A special grip toothbrush that is used for Stroke sufferers can help to clean his teeth and mouth.

Effect of environmental and socioeconomic factors on the use of dental floss among children: a hierarchical approach

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of environmental and socioeconomic characteristics with the use of dental floss in preschool children. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 402 preschool children aged 1-5 years, from Santa Cruz do Sul, a Southern city in Brazil. Mothers answered questions about environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. Behavior variables as use of dental floss (study outcome) and dental attendance were also evaluated. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance through a hierarchical approach was used to investigate the association of explanatory variables for use of dental floss. Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. The mean sample age was 3.32 years (standard deviation [SD] 1.10). Of the included children, 291 (73.12%) did not use dental floss. The environmental model indicated that children who attended daycare (PR 2.53; 95%CI 1.39-4.60) and those whose parents were members of volunteer networks (RP 1.58; 95%CI 1.02-2.46) were more likely to use dental floss. Children from families with higher income (PR 1.55; 95%CI 1.07-2.24) and maternal schooling (PR 2.21; 95%CI 1.31-3.74) presented a higher prevalence of dental floss use. Older children and those who attended dental services were also related to higher dental floss use. Our findings suggest that children who live in a supporting environment and those with a higher socioeconomic status are more likely to use dental floss.

Clinical evaluation of endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by dental floss traction in treatment of gastric submucosal tumors / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by dental floss traction in treatment of gastric submucosal tumors. Methods Those patients with gastric submucosal tumors from January 2016 to September 2016 were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by dental floss traction. The en bloc resection rate, procedure time were analyzed. Complications such as bleeding and perforation were observed in the procedures. All patients were followed up 3-6 months for evaluation of efficacy and safety. Results 96 patients were recruited into the study. The average surgery time of 26.7 min (20 ~ 55 min), the success rate and the en bloc resection rate was 100.0%. The average tumors sizes was 1.2 cm (0.8 ~ 2.5 cm). The intraoperative bleeding occurred in 1 patient, the incidence rate of bleeding was 1.0% (1/96). The tumors were located cardia in 13 patients (13.5%), gastric fundus in 46 patients (47.9%), in gastric body in 33 patients (34.3%), in antrum in 2 patients (2.1%), in gastric angle in 2 patients (2.1%). Pathological results of interstitial tumor in 62 patients (64.6%), leiomyoma in 31 patients (32.3%), calcifying fibroma in 1 patients (1.0%), ectopic pancreas in 2 patients (2.1%). The median hospital stay was 4 days (3 ~ 7 d). No complications such as fever, abdominal pain were found during during the follow-up of 3 ~ 6 months. Conclusion Endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by dental floss traction in treatment gastric submucosal tumors is effective and safe.

Clinical evaluation of endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by dental floss traction in treatment of gastric submucosal tumors / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by dental floss traction in treatment of gastric submucosal tumors. Methods Those patients with gastric submucosal tumors from January 2016 to September 2016 were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated with endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by dental floss traction. The en bloc resection rate, procedure time were analyzed. Complications such as bleeding and perforation were observed in the procedures. All patients were followed up 3-6 months for evaluation of efficacy and safety. Results 96 patients were recruited into the study. The average surgery time of 26.7 min (20 ~ 55 min), the success rate and the en bloc resection rate was 100.0%. The average tumors sizes was 1.2 cm (0.8 ~ 2.5 cm). The intraoperative bleeding occurred in 1 patient, the incidence rate of bleeding was 1.0% (1/96). The tumors were located cardia in 13 patients (13.5%), gastric fundus in 46 patients (47.9%), in gastric body in 33 patients (34.3%), in antrum in 2 patients (2.1%), in gastric angle in 2 patients (2.1%). Pathological results of interstitial tumor in 62 patients (64.6%), leiomyoma in 31 patients (32.3%), calcifying fibroma in 1 patients (1.0%), ectopic pancreas in 2 patients (2.1%). The median hospital stay was 4 days (3 ~ 7 d). No complications such as fever, abdominal pain were found during during the follow-up of 3 ~ 6 months. Conclusion Endoscopic full-thickness resection assisted by dental floss traction in treatment gastric submucosal tumors is effective and safe.

Comparación de diferentes técnicas de cepillado para la higiene bucal / Comparison of different tooth brushing techniques for oral hygiene

El principal factor etiológico a controlar por parte de los profesionales de la salud bucal, es la placa bacteriana, la cual desencadena diferentes enfermedades como la caries dental, la enfermedad periodontal y otras enfermedades de carácter infeccioso. Se ha observado que para la remoción de la placa bacteriana, el método más efectivo es el cepillado, el cual, realizándolo de manera adecuada garantiza la higiene oral; sumado a este método se encuentra el uso de enjuagues bucales, la seda dental y los dentífricos como complemento para el mantenimiento de la salud bucal. A través del tiempo, diferentes autores se han preocupado por describir técnicas de cepillado, las más mencionadas son: La técnica de Bass modificada, la técnica vibratoria de Charters, la técnica de Stillman modificada, la técnica Fones y la técnica Scrub; se ha hecho énfasis en que lo importante es realizar un cepillado minucioso que garantice la remoción de la placa de forma adecuada: pero, si es necesario escoger una en especial, se hará según la situación clínica de cada paciente. Para lograr los objetivos de la higiene oral no basta con describir las técnicas y métodos existentes para lograrla, si no, que es fundamental la educación y promoción de la salud oral, por lo que los odontólogos e higienistas bucales deben orientarse a lograr que las personas se concienticen de la necesidad del autocuidado y garantizar que realicen una técnica de cepillado que remueva efectivamente los residuos alimenticios y microorganismos que ayudan en la formación de la biopelícula.

The main etiological factor to control by oral health professionals has been the bacterial plaque, which cause different illness such as dental caries, periodontal disease and another infectious. It has been observed that for the removal of bacterial plaque, the most effective method has been tooth brushing , this one guarantees oral hygiene if you do it in a correct way, in addition to this there are more methods as mouthwash, dental floss and tooth paste as a complement to the maintenance of oral health. Trough time, different authors has been concerned about describing tooth brushing techniques, the most popular are: the bass modified technique, the charters vibratory technique , the stillman modified technique , the fones technique and the scrub technique; it has been emphasized that the most important thing it's the performance of a meticulous tooth brushing that guarantees the complete removal of plaque on an correct way: but the important thing is to choose one technique, this one will be done according to the clinical situation. To achieve the objectives to a correct oral hygiene its not enough to describe the techniques ant different methods to do this, the fundamental thing is the education and the oral health promotion, that's why the dentists and oral hygienists must orient to achieve that people get aware of the need for self- care and guarantee that they perform a correct tooth brushing technique, capable of remove food waste and microorganisms that help the formation of biofilm.

Eficácia de diferentes tipos de escovas dentais na remoção do biofilme bucal / Effectiveness of different types of dental brushes in removal of oral biofilm

Devido ao fato de o método mais indicado para remoção do biofilme bucal ser o mecânico, com a utilização da escova dental, buscou-se verificar as características das escovas dentais mais eficazes. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: relação entre cabo haste e cabeça, com o intuito de verificar angulações, formato e tipo das cerdas, considerando tamanho e disposição dos tufos, bem como comparar a eficácia das escovas manuais e elétricas. O estudo foi realizado com 28 crianças em uma escola municipal da cidade de Umuarama-PR. Foram utilizados quatro tipos de escovas: escova de haste reta com cerdas regulares; escova de haste angulada com cerdas regulares; escova de haste angulada com cerdas irregulares e escova elétrica. Foram realizados a evidenciação do biofilme e o Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHOS) antes e após a escovação. Os diferentes tipos de escovas foram avaliados de acordo com a diferença entre o percentual de biofilme antes e após a escovação, bem como em relação à redução da classificação do IHOS. Nas diferentes análises, a escova de haste reta apresentou os melhores resultados. Em contrapartida, a escova elétrica apresentou resultados menos satisfatórios. Pode-se concluir que todas as escovas dentárias apresentaram potencial de redução do biofilme dentário, independentemente das características de sua haste, cerdas ou manuseio (manual ou elétrico). Contudo, os melhores resultados foram atribuídos à escova que apresenta a haste reta, que também possui cerdas regulares.

Since the most effective method for the removal of oral biofilm is the mechanical one, with the use of a toothbrush, this study aimed to check the characteristics of the most effective toothbrushes. The following characteristics were analyzed: handle and head ratio, tuft layout, as well as a comparison between manual and electric toothbrushes. This work was conducted with 28 children in a public school in the city of Umuarama/PR. Four types of brushes were used: straight shank brush with regular bristles; angled stem with regular bristles; angled stem with irregular bristles; and electric toothbrush. The disclosure of oral biofilm and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI) before and after brushing were analyzed. The different kinds of brushes were evaluated according to the difference between the percentage of biofilm before and after brushing, as well as the reduction of SOHI. Straight shank brushes showed the best results in different analysis. On the other hand, the electric toothbrush brought the less satisfactory results. It was possible to conclude that all toothbrushes have shown potential for biofilm reduction, regardless of the characteristics of their handles, bristles or usage (manual or electric). However, the best results were attributed to the straight shank brush with regular bristles.

Efficacy of two soft-bristle toothbrushes in plaque removal: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in supragingival plaque removal of two soft-bristle toothbrushes. Seventy volunteers were allocated randomly to the Colgate Slim Soft or Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush grourps. At baseline appointment, volunteers underwent plaque examination using the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index. Under supervision, they then brushed their teeth for 1minute with their assigned toothbrushes and the plaque examination was repeated. Volunteers performed daily oral hygiene with their assigned toothbrush and a regular dentifrice provided by the researchers for 7 days. The baseline experimental procedures were then repeated. Separate analyses of variance were performed for the whole-mouth, interproximal, and gumline plaque scores (p < 0.05). No difference in baseline pre-brushing scores was found between groups. After a single toothbrushing, the mean plaque score was significantly reduced in both groups (p < 0.05), with greater reduction of whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores observed in the SlimSoft group compared with the Curaprox group (p < 0.05). After 7 days, the SlimSoft group showed greater reduction of the whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores compared with the Curaprox group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the SlimSoft toothbrush presented greater efficacy in supragingival plaque removal than did the Curaprox CS5460 toothbrush, as reflected by whole-mouth and interproximal plaque scores.

Endoscopic resection assisted by dental floss traction in treating upper gastrointestinal mucosal le-sions / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the advantage of using dental floss traction in treating upper gas-trointestinal mucosal tumor by ESD.Methods Data of 10 patients who had upper gastrointestinal mucosal tumor and accepted ESD assisted by dental floss traction during April 2014 to August 2014,were collected retrospectively.The en bloc excision rate,procedure time,complication rate and follow-up were analyzed. Results The median age of patients was 53.5 years old,average tumor size was 3.75 ±0.92 cm.There were 4 tumors located in esophagus and 6 in stomach.The median surgical time was 45 min (ranging 30-100 min)and the median hospital stay was 3.5 days (ranging 3-5 days).There was no bleeding or perforation occurred during or after the procedure.All lesions received en bloc resection and the pathology showed no lymphatic or vascular invasion.After short-time of follow-up (ranging 1 to 4 months),no recurrence or me-tastasis was found.Conclusion Dental floss traction is easy to make,and can provide good vision during the procedure to reduce the operation time and rate of complication.

Comparing the efficacy of a high pressure spray oral hygiene appliance and a sonic vibration toothbrush in reducing dental plaque / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare home care dental devices for their dental plaque removal ability. METHODS: A single blinded randomized crossover clinical study design was used to measure plaque index (Turesky Modification Quigley-Hein Plaque Index). RESULTS: All 3 groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the plaque index after usage (P<0.001). In manual tooth-brushing group, the teeth on the right dental arch showed a greater decrease in the plaque index than on the left arch (P=0.041). All appliances showed greater plaque reduction in the upper right posterior teeth than in the lower right posterior teeth (P=0.009, 0.004, 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support development of more effective oral hygiene appliances and emphasis on oral hygienic education.

Social determinants and use of dental floss by 35-44-year-old adults / Determinantes sociais e o uso de fio dental por adultos de 35 a 44 anos de idade

Objective: To analyze social, economic and demographic variables associated with the use of dental floss by 35-44-year-old adults living in the district of Embu, 2008. Methods: A cross-sectional type study in which an inquiry was applied and oral conditions were examined. The sample delineation was conglomeration probabilistic in two stages of random selection (censor sectors and eligible homes). The dependent variable was the use of dental floss in daily oral hygiene practices. The independent variables were social economic and demographic conditions, access to health services, habits and presence of caries and periodontal diseases. EPIINFO 06 and STATA 10 programs were used for Poisson regression analysis with adjustment for conglomeration sample.Results: Of persons interviewed 52.1% stated that they did not use dental floss. In the multivariate model there was an association of non use of dental floss for men (PR=1,61 p=0,00), with those who declared having smoking habit (PR=1.24 p=0.04); with family income equal to or less than one minimum salary (PR=1.62 p=0.00); who had up to 8 years of schooling (PR=1.42 p=0.01); who did not receive information from the dentist about cleaning the teeth and gums (PR=1.27 p=0.02), and who presented severe periodontal diseases with clinical attachment loss >3.5mm (PR=1.05 p=0.00). Conclusion: The research showed that the lack of dental floss use is a socially related behavior. Therefore, fair social policies is needed in order to minimize social inequalities, and ensure adult oral health educational programs.

Objetivo: Analisar as variáveis sócio econômicas e demográficas associadas ao uso do fio dental em adultos de 35 a 44 anos no município de Embu, 2008. Métodos: Estudo do tipo transversal no qual foi aplicado um inquérito e realizado um exame das condições bucais. O delineamento da amostra foi probabilístico por conglomerado em dois estágios de sorteio (setores censitários e domicílios elegíveis). A variável dependente foi o uso do fio dental nas práticas diárias de higiene bucal. As variáveis independentes: condições sócio demográficas, sócio econômicas, acesso aos serviços, hábitos, presença de cárie dentária e doença periodontal. Empregou-se o programa EPIINFO 06 e o STATA 10, foi usado o modelo de regressão de Poisson com ajuste para amostragem complexas. Resultados: A percentagem de pessoas relatando que não utilizavam o fio dental foi de 52,1%. No modelo de análise multivariável demonstrou que houve associação para o não uso do fio dental entre os homens (RP=1,61 p=0,00), que relataram o hábito de fumar (RP=1,24 p=0,04), com renda familiar menor ou igual a um salário mínimo (RP=1,62 p=0,00), que apresentavam até 8 anos de estudo (RP=1,42 p=0,01), que não receberam informação do cirurgião-dentista sobre higiene bucal (RP=1,27 p=0,02), e apresentam perda de inserção periodontal superior a 3,5mm (RP=1,05 p=0,00). Conclusão: A pesquisa demonstrou que não usar o fio dental de maneira regular é um comportamento socialmente determinado, verifica-se a necessidade de elaboração de políticas socialmente mais justas que minimizem as iniquidades sociais, com ações de educação de saúde bucal voltadas para adultos

Saúde bucal e educação infantil: avaliação do desgaste e do acondicionamento de escovas dentárias utilizadas por pré-escolares / Oral health and early childhood education: evaluation of the wear andstorage of toothbrushes used by preschoolers

Introdução: A infância é uma fase da vida de importância primordial para o futuro da saúde bucal. O elo entre os setores da educação e da saúde pode oportunizar a incorporação de práticas educativas e preventivas em saúde bucal no cotidiano pré-escolar. A principal medida é a escovação dentária manual ? método mais acessível para a maioria da população. Objetivo: Avaliar macroscopicamente o desgaste das cerdas, a forma de acondicionamento e a identificação das escovas dentárias. Material e método: Foram avaliadas 345 escovas utilizadas por crianças de 2 a 5 anos, em quatro escolas de educação infantil, sendo duas participantes do programa de promoção de saúde bucal. Empregou-se o índice de Rawls et al. para avaliar as cerdas. Resultado: Diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p = 0,020 - teste U de Mann-Whitney) foram comprovadas entre as frequências de escovas, sendo a maior (n = 205) verificada em escola participante do programa; e, entre escovas adequadas e inadequadas (p< 0,05 - teste X2), em que 31,7 e 60% das escovas das escolas participantes e não participantes do programa, respectivamente, foram classificadas como impróprias para a escovação. Dos porta-escovas avaliados, 100% eram de uso coletivo. Quanto à identificação, 18% das escovas não estavam identificadas nas escolas participantes e 37% nas demais. Conclusão: A maioria das escovas apresentou desgastes acentuados e o acondicionamento das mesmas era inadequado; entretanto, as escolas participantes do programa apresentaram escovas com cerdas menos desgastadas. Sugere-se que haja a capacitação do educador quanto ao correto acondicionamento e à avaliação das escovas em relação ao desgaste das cerdas em todas as escolas de educação infantil.

Introduction: Early childhood is an essential phase of life for the future of oral health. The link between educational and health sectors can facilitate incorporating educational and preventive oral health practices in daily teaching in pre-schools. The main measure is manual tooth-brushing, which is the most accessible method for most of the population. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate macroscopically the wear on the bristles, form of storage, and identification of tooth brushes. Material and method: 345 toothbrushes used by children between the ages of 2 and 5 were evaluated in 4 pre-schools, by 2 participants from the oral health program. The Rawls et al. index was used to evaluate the bristles. Result: There were statistically significant differences (p = 0.020 - Mann-Whitney U test) between the frequency of toothbrushes, with the highest being (n = 205) stored at participating school; and, between adequate and inadequate brushes (p < 0.05 - X2 test) with 31.7 and 60%, respectively, classified as unfit for tooth-brushing. Of the toothbrush holders evaluated 100% were used collectively. Regarding identification, 18% of the toothbrushes were not identified in participating schools, and 37% in the others. Conclusion: The toothbrushes exhibited marked wear, and storage was inadequate; however, the schools participating in the oral health program showed toothbrushes with bristles less worn. It is suggested that training of educators regarding correct storage and evaluation of toothbrushes for wear of the bristles should be undertaken in all early childhood schools.

Salud oral en discapacitados / Oral health for the disabled

La salud oral en pacientes con necesidades especiales ha representado un reto para el profesional de la salud oral a través de la historia, pues las diferentes discapacidades físicas y cognitivas limitan la adecuada remoción de placa dentobacteriana, llevando consigo el desarrollo de enfermedades orales de alta prevalencia en esta población, como la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal. Con este artículo se pretende presentar al odontólogo información relevante a cerca de las enfermedades bucales prevenibles de origen dentobacteriano y las principales necesidades de las personas en condición de discapacidad referentes a su higiene oral. Del mismo modo, se enfatiza en los métodos de remoción de placa mecánicos y químicos estudiados en esta población, para actualizar los conocimientos y así contribuir en gran medida a la práctica clínica, para ofrecer una adecuada atención odontológica a dichos pacientes. Es necesario el desarrollo de nuevos implementos de higiene oral enfocados a la población discapacitada que faciliten el control de la placa dentobacteriana, para contribuir a la prevención de las enfermedades orales más prevalentes.

Oral health in patients with special health care needs is a challenge for the professional practitioner. Physical and mental disabilities limit adequate plaque removal, leading to the development of high prevalence of oral diseases in this population such as dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this article is to present relevant data concerning dentobacterial preventable oral diseases and their main oral healthcare needs. In addition, it emphasizes chemical and mechanical plaque removal systems that have been studied in this population, to update knowledge and contribute to clinical practice and in the same way, to help the dentist to render an adequate dental care to these patients. The development of new oral hygiene devices is needed, focused on the disabled population which facilitate easy plaque control, and prevent the most prevalent oral diseases.

Critérios adotados para a escolha da escova dental: estudo com consumidores de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (Brasil) / Criteria adopted for the toothbrush choice: a study among consumers in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (Brazil)

Introdução e objetivo: Buscou-se conhecer os critérios adotadospor sujeitos adultos para a aquisição da escova dental e identificar ainfluência do cirurgião-dentista nessa escolha. Material e métodos:Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, feito por intermédio dolevantamento de dados primários. A população-alvo foi formada porconsumidores de um supermercado da região central de Florianópolis(SC, Brasil). Para o cálculo da amostra considerou-se uma população infinita e erro de 5%. A seleção dos sujeitos aconteceu de modoacidental. O critério de inclusão foi idade igual ou superior a 18 anos.Foi aplicado um questionário, estruturado em duas partes, comquestões fechadas e abertas. A análise estatística descritiva ocorreupor meio da distribuição de frequência relativa. Resultados: Ao todoparticiparam da pesquisa 409 sujeitos (54,65% homens) com idadede 19 a 72 anos, e a maioria era da faixa etária de 41 a 51 anos. Pelomenos uma vez ao ano 41,1% realizam consulta odontológica e 52%afirmaram trocar sua escova a cada três ou quatro meses, em funçãodo desgaste das cerdas. Um baixo percentual (25,6% homens, 25,5%mulheres) recebeu orientação do cirurgião-dentista sobre a escovadental. O critério mais adotado para a aquisição da escova é o preço(43,6%), e a participação do dentista foi citada por 10,5%, a qual foimais evidenciada por sujeitos de classe socioeconômica mais elevada.Conclusão: Para o grupo pesquisado, o critério mais adotado paraaquisição de escovas dentais é o preço, e a influência do cirurgiãodentistanesse procedimento é reduzida.

Introduction and objective: To identify the criteria adopted by adultconsumers when buying a toothbrush and to determine whetherdentists influence on this choice. Material and methods: It was atransversal descriptive study through primary data collection. Thetarget population consisted of consumers in a supermarket in thedowntown of Florianópolis (SC, Brazil). An infinite population and anerror of 5% were considered to the sample calculation. The selectionof people was random. The inclusion criterion was being above 18years old. A questionnaire structured in two parts with closed andopen questions was applied. Data was submitted to statistical analysisthrough distribution of relative frequency. Results: Altogether, 409people (54.65% male) participated in the survey, aged from 19 to 72years, and the majority (28%) aged between 41 and 51 years. 41.1% visitthe dentist at least once a year, and 52% change their toothbrushes everythree months due to the wear of the bristles. A low percentage of people(25.6% male and 25.5% female) received orientation of the dentist onthe toothbrush. The most adopted criterion for the acquisition of thetoothbrush was the price (43.6%), and the participation of the dentistwas cited by 10.5%, being more common for people of the highersocioeconomic class. Conclusion: For this group, price is the mostadopted criterion for the acquisition of toothbrushes, and the influenceof the dentist on this procedure is reduced.

The history and global market of oral home-care products: [review]

This literature review reports the history and the current market of oral home-care products. It provides information extending from the products used by our ancestors to those currently available, as well as on the changes in the supply and consumption of these products. Although the scientific knowledge about oral diseases has improved greatly in recent years, our ancestors had already been concerned with cleaning their teeth. A variety of rudimentary products and devices were used since before recorded history, like chewing sticks, tree twigs, bird feathers, animal bones, tooth powder and home-made mouth rinses. Today, due to technological improvements of the cosmetic industry and market competition, home-use oral care products available in the marketplace offer a great variety of options. An increase in the consumption of oral care products has been observed in the last decades. Estimates show that Latin America observed a 12 percent increase in hygiene and beauty products sales between 2002 and 2003, whereas the observed global rate was approximately 2 percent. A significant increase in the per capita consumption of toothpaste, toothbrush, mouthrinse and dental floss has been estimated from 1992 to 2002, respectively at rates of 38.3 percent, 138.3 percent, 618.8 percent and 177.2 percent. Pertaining to this increased supply and consumption of oral care products, some related questions remain unanswered, like the occurrence of changes in disease behavior due to the use of new compounds, their actual efficacy and correct indications, and the extent of the benefits to oral health derived from consuming more products.

Dentine hypersensitivity: analysis of self-care products

Dentine hypersensitivity is a condition that is often present in individuals, leading them to seek dental treatment. It has been described as an acute, provoked pain that is not attributable to other dental problems. Its actual prevalence is unknown, but it is interpreted as very unpleasant by individuals. Several therapeutic alternatives are available to manage dentine hypersensitivity, involving both in-office treatment and home-use products. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate self-care products for managing dentine hypersensitivity. Among the products available, dentifrices and fluorides are the most studied self-care products, with positive effects. However, a high percentage of individuals is affected by the placebo effect. Among dentifrices, those containing potassium salts seem to be the most promising. Dental professionals need to understand the advantages and limitations of these therapies and use this knowledge in a positive approach that might help in decreasing dentine hypersensitivity among patients.

Custo da higienização bucal no município de Cascavel - PR / The cost of bucal hygiene in the town of Cascavel - PR

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o custo de produtos para higiene bucal, dentre eles dentifrícios, escovas dentais e fios/fitas dentais, numa amostra de supermercados localizados em diferentes bairros do município de Cascavel - PR. Foram visitados doze grandes supermercados, pertencentes a diferentes redes, localizados em vários bairros da cidade no período de agosto de 2004 a agosto de 2006. Os dados avaliados foram relativos à disponibilidade de diferentes marcas, tipos e preços dos produtos em cada estabelecimento e analisados por estatística descritiva e analítica. Verificou-se uma grande variabilidade na disponibilidade e custos dos produtos. Após o cálculo individual, verificou-se que o gasto médio mensal de um indivíduo com produtos de higiene bucal variou de R$ 7,25 a R$ 8,66 entre 2004 e 2006. É importante que os profissionais da área odontológica avaliem esses aspectos quando recomendarem a aquisição desses produtos a seus pacientes, considerando que numa mesma população estão inseridos indivíduos com diferentes condições socioeconômicas.

Disponibilidade e custo de produtos para higiene bucal comercializados em um município paranense / Availability and cost of oral hygiene products commercialized in a city of Paraná State, Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a disponibilidade e o custo de produtos para higiene bucal, dentre eles, dentifrícios, escovas e fios/fitas dentais, em uma amostra de supermercados localizados no município de Cascavel, PR. Foram visitados doze grandes supermercados, pertencentes a diferentes redes, localizados em vários bairros da cidade, no período de 2004 a 2006. Os dados relativos à disponibilidade de diferentes marcas, tipos e preços de cada produto foram anotados em ficha clínica específica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. A disponibilidade média de escovas de dente, dentifrícios e fio/fita dental nas lojas do centro e outros bairros foi de 20/22, 39/37 e 45/34, em 2004, de 41/44, 50/47 e 48/47, em 2005, e de 7/7, 12/11 e 11/9, em 2006. É importante que os profissionais da área odontológica avaliem esses aspectos quando recomendarem a aquisição desses produtos para indivíduos com diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, a fim de promover a universalização de práticas preventivas em saúde bucal.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the availability and cost of products for oral hygiene, such as tooth pastes, dental brushes and dental floss in a sample of supermarkets located in different localities at the city of Cascavel, PR. Twelve great supermarkets were visited in the period between 2004 and 2006, belonging to different districts located in several areas of the city. The data of different marks and types of the products searched in each establishment and the price of each product was registered in a specific record developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The average availability of dental brushes, toothpastes and dental floss in establishments of downtown/districts was 20/22, 39/37 and 45/34, in 2004, 41/44, 50/47 and 48/47, in 2005, and 7/7, 12/11 and 11/9, in 2006. It was verified a great variability in costs and availability of the products, which also varied in function of location of the supermarket and year of evaluation. It is important that dental professionals evaluate those aspects when recommending the acquisition of those products to patient with different socioeconomics in order to promote the universality of preventive practices in oral health.

Clinical study on the auxiliary effectiveness of dental floss or interdental brush in severe chronic periodontitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the auxiliary effectiveness of dental floss or interdental brush in treating severe chronic periodontitis.Methods Thirty-five patients with severe chronic periodontitis were selected.The subjects were randomly divided into two groups.Right methods of brushing teeth,scaling,root planning and dental floss or interdental brush were performed in the experimental group,and the same therapy was used in the control group except using dental floss and interdental brush.The following indexes and measurements were compared:plaque index(PLI),probing depth(PD),bleeding index(BI) and mobility degree(MD).Results PLI,PD and BI demonstrated a significant improvement(P